Capmix

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Here is a new apparition of Doriano Brogioli on Italian TV where he presented Capmix.
You can find the video here.

Capmix and blue energy on the Italian TV

Broadcast by RAI 3 (one of the three public Italian TVs) in a program called "Geo scienza", on march 15, at 17.00. It has been seen by 540 000 people on average, with a maximum of 700 000.

You can find it here in italian or here with english subtitles.

Large Public

October 15th, 2010
The kickoff of the Capmix project was the object of an article in the local newspaper: Leeuwarder Courant.
You can find the article in Dutch here.

November 17th, 2010
Blue energy in general was presented during the ''Energy for the Future'' seminar organized at Wageningen (Netherlands) organized by the Studium Generale of Wageningen UR.
This workshop gathered 30 students around posters but also prototypes of new energy related technologies.
Here is the poster comparing Blue Energy with traditionnal Hydro-power.

June 2nd, 2011
The italian newspaper ''Il sole 24 Ore'' published an article about Capmix in its science supplement ''Nova24''.
A copy of the article (in italian) can be found here.

Conferences

Wetsus Congress October 18th & 19th, 2010
Doriano Brogioli from the University of Milano-Bicocca, gave the first official Capmix presentation during the Wetsus congress.
About 800 people visited the Wetsus Congress 2010 on October 18 and 19, 2010. Last year we welcomed over 600 guests. Decision makers from the international water sector, politicians, researchers and entrepreneurs exchanged views, ideas and their networks.

4th International Congress on Energy and Environmental Engineering and Management
Angel Delgado presented his work during an oral presentation at the 4th International Congress on Energy and Environment Engineering and Management (May 2011 in Merida, Spain). The presentation was entitled: Cell Model Method Applied to the Modelling of Blue Energy Production by Capacitive Mixing.

2nd International Symposium on enhanced electrochemical capacitors
Capacitive energy extraction based on donnan potential was presented by Wetsus in Poznan during the 2nd international symposium on enhanced electrochemical capacitors (June 12-16 2011). The symposium gathered around 120 people from all over the world to discuss advances in the world of supercapacitors. The Capmix technology was presented there as an alternative supercapacitor-like system.

25th Conference of the European Colloid and Interface Society
Angel Delgado gave a keynote lecture entitled: Electrokinetic methods applied to the evaluation of energy extraction from water salinity differences at the 25th Conference of the European Colloid and Interface Society in September 2011 in Berlin, Germany.

Capmix Peer reviewed articles

D. Brogioli, R. Zhao, and P. M. Biesheuvel, A prototype cell for extracting energy from a water salinity difference by means of double layer expansion in nanoporous carbon electrodes,
Energy & Environmental Science, 4, 772-777 (2011).
http://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlelanding/2011/ee/c0ee00524j
http://boa.unimib.it/handle/10281/30733
http://boa.unimib.it/bitstream/10281/30733/3/A_prototype_cell_for_extracting_energy.pdf

R. A. Rica, D. Brogioli, R. Ziano, D. Salerno, and F. Mantegazza, Ions Transport and Adsorption Mechanisms in Porous Electrodes During Capacitive-Mixing Double Layer Expansion (CDLE),
J. Phys. Chem. C 116 32, 16934-16938 (2012)
http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/jp3059849

R. A. Rica, R. Ziano, D. Salerno, F. Mantegazza, and D. Brogioli,
Thermodynamic relation between voltage-concentration dependence and salt adsorption in electrochemical cells, Phys. Rev. Lett., accepted on 14 September 2012
http://prl.aps.org/accepted/cb077YaaF4f1453e12237741d3b917997db4fcca5

B. B. Sales, F. Liu, O. Schaetzle, C. J. N. Buisman, H. V. M. Hamelers, Electrochemical characterization of a supercapacitor flow cell for power production from salinity gradients, Electrochimica Acta, 2012
10.1016/j.electacta.2012.05.069
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0013468612008523
http://openaire.cern.ch/record/931

M. F. M. Bijmans, O. S. Burheim, M. Bryjak, A. Delgado, P. Hack, F. Mantegazza, S. Tenisson, H. V. M. Hamelers, CAPMIX - Deploying Capacitors for Salt Gradient Power Extraction, Energy Procedia, 20, 2012, 108-115
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1876610212007436

F. Liu, O. Schaetzle, B. B. Sales, M. Saakes, C. J. N. Buisman, H. V. M. Hamelers, Effect of additional charging and current density on the performance of Capacitive energy extraction based on Donnan Potential, Energy & Environmental Science, 5, 2012, 8642-8650
http://pubs.rsc.org/en/Content/ArticleLanding/2012/EE/C2EE21548A
http://openaire.cern.ch/record/930

O. S. Burheim, F. Liu, B. B. Sales, O. Schaetzle, C. J. N. Buisman, H.V. M. Hamelers, Faster Time Response by the Use of Wire Electrodes in Capacitive Salinity Gradient Energy Systems, The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, 116, 2012, 19203-19210
http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/jp306522g
http://openaire.cern.ch/record/947

O. Burheim, B.B. Sales, O. Schaezle, F. Liu, H. V. M. Hamelers, Auto Generative Capacitive Mixing of Sea and River Water by the Use of Membranes, Paper no. IMECE2011-63459 pp. 483-492 http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/IMECE2011-63459 ASME 2011 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition (IMECE2011) November 11–17, 2011 , Denver, Colorado, USA Sponsor: ASME

B. B. Sales, O. S. Burheim, F. Liu, O. Schaetzle, C. J. N. Buisman, H. V. M. Hamelers, Impact of Wire Geometry in Energy Extraction from Salinity Differences Using Capacitive Technology, Environmental Science & Technology, 10.1021/es302169c
http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/es302169c

D. Brogioli, R. Ziano, R. A. Rica, and D. Salerno, Exploiting the spontaneous potential of the electrodes used incapacitive mixing technique for extraction of salinity-difference energy
Energy & environmental science, accepted on 21 september 2012
http://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlelanding/2012/EE/C2EE23036D

Raúl A. Rica, Roberto Ziano,, Domenico Salerno, Francesco Mantegazza, Martin Z. Bazant, Doriano Brogioli, Electro-diffusion of ions in porous electrodes for capacitive extraction of renewable energy from salinity differences
Electrochimica Acta, online 19 january 2013
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0013468613000959

R. A. Rica, R. Ziano, D. Salerno, F. Mantegazza, R. van Roij, D. Brogioli, Capacitive Mixing for Harvesting the Free Energy of Solutions at Different Concentrations, Entropy 15 (4), 1388-1407 (2013).
http://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/15/4/1388

Capacitive mixing for the extraction of energy from salinity differences: survey
of experimental results and electrochemical models.
D. Brogioli, R. Ziano, R.A. Rica, D. Salerno, F. Mantegazza
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0021979713006048

Energy from CO2 Emissions H. V. M. Hamelers, O. Schaetzle, J. M. Paz-García, P. M. Biesheuvel, and C. J. N. Buisman
http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ez4000059

Background peer review articles

D. Brogioli, Extracting renewable energy from a salinity difference using a capacitor. Phys. Rev. Lett. 103, 058501 (2009)
http://prl.aps.org/abstract/PRL/v103/i5/e058501

B. B. Sales, M. Saakes, J. W. Post, C. J. N. Buisman, P. M. Biesheuvel, H. V. M. Hamelers, Direct Power Production from a Water Salinity Difference in a Membrane-Modified Supercapacitor Flow Cell, 44, 2010, 5661-5665
http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/es100852a

Calculation Tools: Extracted energy and free energy of NaCl solutions

If you are interrested in claculating how much energy you can extract from the mixcing of salt solutions or if you want to calculate the free energy contained in these solutions here are two links that you can use:

Energy extracted
Free energy

These webpages were realised by Doriano Brogioli from the University of Milano-Biccoca member of the Capmix consortium.

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